Volume 18, Issue 2, April 2022 – June 2022
Editorial
The Dire Need to Include Leadership Education in the Medical School Curriculum
Author: Prof Faisal Aziz
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Original Article
Safety and Efficacy of Balloon Remodeling Technique for Treating Cerebrovascular Aneurysms
Author: Qasim Bashir, Faisal Farooq, Asim Ishfaq, Javed Iqbal
Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of Balloon remodeling technique (BRT) for coil placement in Pakistani patients with wide neck cerebral aneurysms.
Method: This study included a total of 39 patients (23 females and 16 males) treated with BRTfor 44 cerebral aneurysms over a period of six years, at Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore. Characteristics of aneurysms were analyzed, and complications, occlusion rates, and outcomes were ascertained for relevant comparisons with the available literature on Balloon Remodeling Technique.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251821
108-113
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Original Article
The Effect of Severity of Diabetes Mellitus on the Clinical Outcome of Patients Admitted with COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Author: Nighat Jamal, Salwa Anis, Qazi Mohammad Waleed, Hassan Mumtaz, Syed Affan Ali, Nimra Tul Ain
Objective: To determine the effect of the severity of diabetes mellitus on the outcome of diabetic people who had contracted the COVID-19 virus.
Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021. 300 patients were confirmed cases of COVID-19 via RT-PCR. Demographic, clinical lab data, and outcome were collected and analyzed using SPSSv20.0 along with Chi Square.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251822
114-117
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Original Article
Comparative Analysis of Oxytocin Versus Vaginal Prostaglandin in Induction of Labour in Pre LabourRupture of Membrane
Author: Sana Danish, Wafa Najeeb, Amna Javed, Rabia Shahid, Sadia Sharif, Maryam Matloob
Objective: To determine the mean time from induction to delivery after spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membrane using I/Voxytocin versus vaginal prostaglandin E2.
Method: The study was randomized clinical trial carried out in gynae unit IV Sheikh Zayyed Hospital Lahore. Over a period of six months from July 2019 to Dec 2019. Atotal of 100 pregnant ladies with age range 18 years to 40 years and having gestational age > 37 weeks were included. Pregnant women with twin pregnancy, and with placenta previa or abruptio placenta and females with any known fetal or maternal risk assessed on clinical examination and those who have congenital abnormality at the time of presentation were also excluded from study. Later on patients were divided randomly into two groups using random number table. Group A(50 patients) patients was given intravenous oxytocin 1 m unit/min in infusion while group B (50 patients) patients was given 3mg prostaglandin E2 vaginaly. Effect modifier like BMI, hypertension and pregnancy induced hypertension will also be recorded. Patients were observed for the time of induction of delivery as per operational definition. Data was entered on computer software SPSS version 21 Independent t-test was applied to compare the mean time between both groups.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251823
118-121
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Original Article
Association of Depression, Anxiety, and Musculoskeletal Symptoms with Internet Addiction Amongst Undergraduates of University
Author: Noor-ul-Ain Waheed, Mushayyada Rathore, Amna Ihsan, Irsa Asif, Rijha Ahmed, Khaulah Qureshi
Objective: To find association of depression, anxiety, and musculoskeletal symptoms with internet addiction amongst undergraduates of King Edward Medical University during Covid-19 induced lock down.
Method: This was a Cross-sectional analytical study, conducted in Biochemistry Department of KEMU, Lahore from October to December 2020. Atotal of 400 undergraduate students enrolled in various programs of the university, Lahore fulfilling selection criteria were included in the study. Data were recorded using Google doc. Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2, and Modified version of Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were used to detect clinically significant depression, anxiety, and to record musculoskeletal symptoms respectively. The participants were classified into three categories namely
low, moderate, and severe level of internet addiction based on Young’s Internet Addiction Test score.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251824
122-128
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Original Article
Evaluation of Cutting Seton as A Surgical Treatment for High Anorectal Fistula-a Retrospective Observational Study
Author: Abdul Basit Qureshi, Nehal Naseer, Hassan Taqi
Objective: To determine the frequency of postoperative fecal incontinence and recurrence in patients with high anorectal fistulae after surgical treatment using Polypropylene as a cutting Seton.
Method: The retrospective observational single center study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Service Hospital, Lahore from September, 2018 to September, 2020. After applying inclusion criteria, data of 170 patients were reviewed for postoperative fecal incontinence and recurrence.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251825
129-133
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Original Article
Comparison of Monopolar Electrocautery Versus Harmonic Scalpel in Dissection of the Gall Bladder from Gallbladder Bed in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Author: Maliha Javaid Butt, Muhammad Adil Iftikhar, Usman Ali Rahman, Humaira Yousaf, Iftikhar Ahmed, Ali Asad
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of gall bladder perforation during its dissection with monopolar electrocautery Vs harmonic scalpel from liver bed in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Method: It was a comparative study held at Surgical Department, surgical department, Services Hospital, Lahore to check the incidence of gallbladder perforation and difference in duration of procedure during gall bladder dissection with harmonic versus monopolar electrocautery. Total 144 patients under laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease in surgical department of Services Hospital, Lahore were included in this study and divided in two groups. In group A gall bladder dissection was done with monopolar electrocautery while in group B harmonic scalpel was used.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251826
134-137
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Original Article
Impact of Hirsutism on Quality of Life of Patients Using Dermatology Life Quality Index
Author: Ayesha Saleem, Hira Tariq, Saadiya Siddiqui, Shahbaz Aman
Objective: To assess the effect of hirsutism on everyday life of patients using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score.
Method: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at Dermatology Outpatient Department of Services Hospital, Lahore for six months. 132 patients of hirsutism were enrolled. Demographic details of patients were noted and extent and severity of disease were assessed by physical examination. DLQI questionnaires in Urdu were filled in by the patients. Total scores were calculated and impact on everyday life was noted as No effect (0-1), Minimal effect (2-5), Modest effect (6-10), Very huge effect (11-20) and Extremely huge effect (21-30).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251827
138-142
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Original Article
Efficacy of Excision with Tension-free Primary Closure for Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus: A single-center tertiary care experience
Author: Jumana Fatima, Muhammad Imran Anwar, Muhammad Ali Rafique, Muhammad Haris Janjua, Muhammad Saqib Munir Rana, Hassan Tari
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of simple excision and tension-free primary closure for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus.
Method: All the consecutive patients who underwent excision and primary closure for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus from February 2019 to May 2020 at Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore were studied retrospectively. Patients’ demographics, operative details, postoperative complications, and recurrence were recorded and analyzed.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251828
143-147
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Original Article
Association between Antiphospholipid Antibodies (APLA) and Preeclampsia (PE) in Females Presenting for Antenatal Check-up
Author: Sadaf Mubeen, Mahham Janjua, Asima Iftikhar, Maria Akmal, Sajida Parveen, Maryam Hussain
Objective: To assess the association between antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) and preeclampsia (PE) in females presenting for antenatal check-up.
Method: After ethical committee approval and informed consent 200 obstetric patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in this case control study from OPD of unit 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore. Demographic record was maintained and two groups were created, case
and control on the presence or absence of PE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.251829
148-151
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Original Article
Effects of Flax Seed Oil on Histological & Biochemical Metamorphosis Induced by Caffeinated Energy Drink in Adult male Albino Rats Bone
Author: Afifa Waseem, Muhammad Suhail, Alvia Batool, Attya Zaheer, Amna Rehman, Ahmad Bilal Suhail
Objective: To appraise protective effects of flax seed oil on caffeinated energy drink induced histological (osteoporotic cavities) & biochemical (Alkaline phosphatase) changes in adult male albino rats bone
Method: This was an experimental study conducted at department of Anatomy Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute Lahore for 8 weeks. 32 adult male albino rats weighing (250-300gm) were randomly divided into four groups. Group A (Control) received corn oil 5ml/kg body weight in addition to basal diet daily for 8 weeks. Group B (Experimental) received caffeinated energy drink (15ml/kg body weight) and corn oil (5ml/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Group C (Experimental) received caffeinated energy drink (15 ml/kg body weight) and 40% flax seed oil (5ml/kg body weight), while group D (Experimental) received caffeinated energy drink (15ml/kg body weight) and 60% flax seed oil (5ml/kg body weight) daily for 8 weeks respectively. All animals were weighed before and after experiment. Blood samples were taken before and after 24 hours of giving last doses for estimation of serum ALP. Furthermore, right femora were used for
histological purpose.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518210
152-157
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Original Article
Non-contrast Computed Tomography Imaging Findings and Diagnosis Of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Author: Safia Bano, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Muhammad Athar Javed, Ahsan Numan
Objective: To ascertain the frequency of abnormal imaging in patients with symptomatic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Method: This was a prospective, Cross-Sectional study done in the Department of Neurology, Mayo hospital, Lahore. The study was conducted after approval from the ethical review board. The study duration was 5 years. Patients with clinically suspected CVST from june 2016 to June 2021 were enrolled. A total of 177 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of CVST on the initial evaluation, irrespective of age and gender, were involved in the study. Diagnosis of CVST was made clinically and on CT brain plain and was later confirmed with MRI Brain plain & contrast and MRV.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518211
158-162
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Original Article
Vaping and Associated Health Problems in University Students of Lahore
Author: Iram Manzoor, Aneeqa Mumtaz Joya, Iqra Mushtaq, Ayesha Noor, Azhar Abbas , Farwa Zawar
Objective: This study was carried out to assess health issues associated with Vaping among medical and nonmedical students of Lahore.
Method: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020 among students of multiple medical and non-medical colleges and universities. Asample of 160 students who were involved in vaping was collected through snow ball sampling technique. After IRB approval, pre-tested structured
questionnaire was disseminated via Google forms. Students who were using E cigarettes and were willing to participate, were included in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square test was applied and p-value at <0.05 was considered significant to find out an association between knowledge and side effects reported in medical and non-medical students.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518212
163-168
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Original Article
Metabolic Syndrome and Hyperandrogenemia in Polysystic Ovarian Syndrome
Author: Hussain Hummayun, Tehmina Naz, Syeda Shaista Waheed
Objective: To ascertain the frequency of hyperandrogenemia in cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome and to correlate the frequency of metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with and without hyperandrogenemia.
Method: This cross sectional study was conducted from 19.12.2020 to 18.06.2021 in Department of Obstetrics & gynecology, Unit-II, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat. Data was collected from a consecutive sample of 367 women diagnosed of polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). All the female patients aged between 18-35 years diagnosed of PCOS included in the study except pregnant or lactating females.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518213
169-173
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Original Article
Comparison of Efficacy of Cryotherapy Versus Intralesional Vitamin D3 in the Treatment Of PlantarWarts
Author: Hira Aslam, Saadiya Siddiqui, Ashba Cheema, Shahbaz Aman, Saima Dastgeer, Hina Ehsan
Objective: To compare the efficacy of cryotherapy versus intralesional vitamin D3 in plantar warts.
Method: A Randomized controlled trial conducted from 30th July 2020 -29th January 2021 in the Department of Dermatology, Services Hospital, Lahore. 110 patients of both genders with age ranging from 18-60 years suffering from plantar warts (for more than 4 weeks) participated. Those allergic to xylocaine and Vitamin D3, pregnant females, immunocompromised, having bleeding disorders, Raynaud’s phenomenon or cold urticaria were excluded. Participants were randomly divided in two groups. Group Apatients was treated with cryotherapy and Group B was treated with intralesional Vitamin D3 for 4 sessions 2 weeks apart.
Patients were followed at each treatment session every 2 weekly and then in OPD every month for 4 months for treatment response. Efficacy was assessed as complete cure of the lesion
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518214
174-178
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Original Article
Nephroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Azadirachta Indica Seeds and Leaves in Diabetic Rats
Author: Tahira Saleem, Abida Saleem, Nusrat Jabeen, Naila Saleem, Naima Khalid, Omaila Ikram
Objective: To evaluate and compare the outcomes of effects of Azadirachta indica on serum urea and creatinine in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats.
Method: The study was a randomized controlled trail carried out in Physiology department of services institute of medi-cal sciences, Lahore from November 2018 to April 2019. 120 male albino rats were randomly and uniformly divided in four groups (n=30). Diabetic control and experimental groups were administered with alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneal injection of (120mg/kg) to induce diabetes mellitus. G1 (control) received normal saline orally; G2 was (diabetic control), group 3 received Neem leaves extract (500 mg/kg body weight); and group 4 received Neem seeds extract (500 mg/kg body weight) as a single dose for four weeks. Subsequently blood samples (4-5ml intracardiac) were collected from each group member on 29th day to evaluate the biochemical parameters of serum urea and creatinine.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518215
179-183
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Original Article
Morbidity Pattern Among Hospitalized Children (1month To 5 Years) In A Tertiary Care Hospital
Author: Shazia Naz, Abeer Qadir, Mohammad Abbas, Roshnak Azam Khan, Mohammed Ali Khan
Objective: To study the morbidity pattern among admitted children (1 month to 5 years) in a tertiary care hospital in order to find out the common illnesses and their relationship with the change in weather over a year.
Method: A retrospective observational study done in Pediatric unit, Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital (PRTH), Lahore, over one year (1st Jan 2019-31st Dec 2019). All admitted children 1month – 5years of age were included. Newborns and children >5 years of age were excluded from study.Data was collected from Medical Records of the admitted patients. Permission was taken from hospital
ethical committee
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518216
184-189
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Original Article
Single Shot Tract Dilatation During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Our Experience
Author: Hasrat Khan Wifaq, Azfar Ali, Touqeer Aslam Waraich, Mohammad Rizwan Gill, Shakir ul haq Shakir, Muhammad Nazir, Ghazi Jamal Abdul Nasir
Objective: To compare safety and efficacy of one-shot dilation and Alken sequential dilatation in PCNL
Method: This prospective study conducted on 60 renal stones patients underwent supine PCNL at Department of urology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from June 2020 to July 2021.Tract dilatation was performed using Alken dilatation (Group A, 30 patients) or One-shot dilatation (Group B, 30 patients).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518217
190-194
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Original Article
Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Levels of Vitamin D3 & C-Reactive Protein
Author: Maria Hameed, Rukhshan Khurshid, Hijab Hameed, Sadaf Saleem Uppal, Tabinda Kazmi, Gul-e-Raana, Fiaz Ahmad
Objective: Study was designed to assess the severity of rheumatoid arthritis, with level of vitamin D and Creactive protein in a group of patients.
Method: This study was conducted at Govt Kot Khawaja Saeed Teaching Hospital. Duration of study was from June 2017 to June 2018. This cross sectional study was carried out on 50 consented patients with Rheumatoid arthritis fulfills the criteria of 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification. Both genders with age range 18-60 year were included in the study. Patients/controls were comprised as group 1(25 patients with mild type arthritis), group 2(25 patients with moderate form of arthritis) and group 3 (healthy controls).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518218
195-199
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Original Article
The Spectrum of Central Nervous System Tumours at the Tertiary Care Hospital: A Three Year Study
Author: Maham Akhlaq, Safeena Sarfraz, Saeed Ahmed, Muneeza Khalid
Objective:To study the spectrum of central nervous system in our local population in a tertiary care hospital.
Method: This study was set in King Edward Medical University Pathology laboratory for a period of three years. All the CNS tumors sent to the histopathology department and reported were included in this study after following a strict criterion of inclusion and exclusion. A total of 110 cases were included in this study. All the cases were reviewed by 2 separate histopathologists. Data was collected using pre-designed proforma used in the laboratory which covers various aspects of the processes involved from specimen requisition till dispatch of final report. Data collected was entered by using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 21).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518219
200-203
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Original Article
Role of Oral Progesterone in Pre Term Labour
Author: Hina Ilyas, Safia Perveen, Zareen Akhter, Azra Yaseen, Mariam Rafiq, Suleiman Azhar, Fizza Mahmood
Objective: Our study aims at determining safety and efficacy of oral micronized progesterone in preventing preterm labor.
Method: Study conducted at Sahiwal Teaching Hospital from June 2018-July 2019 including 180 participants with preterm labor. Oral micronized progesterone give 200 microgram twice daily till preterm labor settled.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518220
204-208
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Original Article
Immune Response of Hemodialysis Patients to Hepatitis B Vaccination
Author: Aqsa Aslam, Mateen Izhar, Sana Qanber Abbasi, Maria Aslam , Farooq Azam Khan, Khawar Naeem Satti
Objective: To determine the immune response of hemodialysis patients to hepatitis B vaccination at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore.
Method: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study done at the Microbiology Department of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore after approval from the Institutional Review Board. Two hundred hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative patients were enrolled by convenient sampling technique. Their serum samples were taken and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The data entry and analysis were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518221
209-213
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Original Article
Questionnaire Survey of Urologists Concerning Chronic Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Author: Asad Ali Shah, Abdul Mannan, Muhammad Ayub, Nabeel Shafi, Azfar Ali, Zeeshan Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Shahzad Anwar
Objective: To perform a questionnaire survey among urologists to determine issues about presentation, work-up and management of Chronic Prostatitis and CPPS.
Method: It was a Questionnaire Survey, which was done in Department of Urology, SIMS/Services Hospital Lahore during the period March 2019 to September 2019. Non-probability Convenient sampling technique was used. Adetailed questionnaire regarding workup and management of CP/CPPS was circulated by e-mail among 100 Consultant urologists, all over Pakistan with more than 3 years postfellowship clinical experience in tertiary care hospitals. These urologists were requested to fill the questionnaire forms then data was analyzed on IPSS 20 and resulted were generated.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518222
214-218
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Original Article
Gender Difference on Sleep Quality Among Medical Students
Author: Farhat Ijaz, Abdul Rehman Arshad, Naghmana Latif, Muhammad Abdul Naeem, Hira Sohail, Avais Ahmad, Rana Khurram Afta
Objective: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine prevalence of sleep quality among medical students and to find out if there is any difference in quality of sleep among male and female medical students.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, total of 221 first year medical students from Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and Bachelor of Dental Sciences (BDS) were included by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The semi structured questionnaire included a 12 item demographics section and the PSQI, SDQ questionnaire to assess sleep quality and sleep disorders. Data analysis was done using SPSS 25.0. Chi-square test was used and Pvalue <0.05 was taken as significant.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518223
219-223
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Original Article
Cephalic Index of Students of Sialkot Medical College
Author: Muhammad Asif, Gul Maria, Noreen Farid, M. Asghar Khattak, Yasmin Aamir, Anwaar Ahmed
Objective: The aim of study was to find out cephalic index of the students of Sialkot medical college. It will help in identification.
Method: Only students of Sialkot medical college were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Sample size was 141. Both males and females were selected. Study setting was Sialkot medical college, Sialkot. Duration of study was one month. After taking informed consent measurements were taken i.e., from mastoid to mastoid and from glabella to external occipital protuberance. The measurements were taken in centimeters. Frequency and percentage was calculated by using SPSS 21. Graphs and table were formed.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518224
224-227
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Original Article
Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction among Young Doctors of Public Health Sector in Punjab, Pakistan
Author: Hadia Tahir, Manahil Masood, Saira Tariq, Ayesha Sikander Baig, Zahra Auqil, Um-e-Aimon
Objective: To assess determinants of job satisfaction and work motivation of doctors working in the largest tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using mixed methods. The Warr, Cook, and Wall’s Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) instrument was used for data collection. The quantitative sample size comprised 85 doctors, while the in-depth interviews (IDIs) were carried with 15 doctors for the qualitative portion. Chisquare Test (x2) was used with the p-value set at ≤0.05 for significant findings. Thematic content analysis was done to analyze the qualitative data.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc22.2518225
228-234
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