Screening of Undiagnosed Hyperglycemia and Elevated Blood Pressure in Periodontitis Patients

Authors

Muhammad Haseeb University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore
Sittara Javed University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore
Naima Khalid Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry
Zubair Ahmed Khan Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry
Farheen Qureshi Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry
Maqbool Ahmad University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51273/esc25.251321132

Keywords:

Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Periodontal Health, Periodontal disease Opportunistic screening.

Abstract

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of previously undiagnosed hyperglycemia and hypertension in dental
settings and their association with periodontal health.
Material and Methods: Conducted at The University College of Dentistry, University of Lahore, this cross
sectional study included 322 individuals aged 20 and above, selected through purposive sampling from the
Periodontology outpatient department. After institutional review board approval, blood pressure readings
were taken using a digital sphygmomanometer 15 minutes after patient arrival. Blood glucose levels were
measured using a glucometer. Periodontal health was assessed using periodontal charting and the Basic
Periodontal Examination (BPE) scoring technique. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and
descriptive analysis, was performed to evaluate associations.
Results: Among 322 participants (mean age: 46 years), 27% were previously undiagnosed hypertensive, and
13.1% were hyperglycemic. Blood pressure ranged from 99/60 mmHg to 218/120 mmHg, while blood
glucose varied from 67 mg/dL to 439 mg/dL. Periodontal health assessment revealed that 38.8% had BPE
Code 3 and 10.2% had Code 4, both significantly associated with unknown hyperglycemia and hypertension.
Gingivitis was more prevalent in those under 50 years, whereas periodontitis was common in older
individuals. Patients with mean arterial pressure >100 mmHg showed a higher inclination toward
periodontitis.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of opportunistic screening in dental settings for early
detection of hyperglycemia and hypertension. A significant correlation between these conditions and
periodontal health underscores the need for integrated healthcare approaches.
Keywords: Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Periodontal Health, Periodontal Disease, Opportunistic
Screening.
How to cite: Haseeb M, Javed S, Khalid N, Khan ZA, Qureshi F, Ahmad M. Screening of Undiagnosed Hyperglycemia
and Elevated Blood Pressure in Periodontitis Patients. Esculapio - JSIMS 2025;21(01): 181-187
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51273/esc25.251321132

Author Biographies

Muhammad Haseeb, University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore

Periodontology, Associate Professor

Sittara Javed, University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore

Periodontology Department, Senior Registrar, Univerisity College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore

Naima Khalid, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry

Periodontology Department, Post-graduate resident, Fatima Memorial collage of Medicine and Dentistry

Zubair Ahmed Khan, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry

Periodontology Department, Associate Professor, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry

Farheen Qureshi, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry

Periodontology Department, Assisstant Professor, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry

Maqbool Ahmad, University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore

Periodontology Department, Post-graduate resident, University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore

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Published

2025-03-31

How to Cite

Muhammad Haseeb, Sittara Javed, Naima Khalid, Zubair Ahmed Khan, Farheen Qureshi, Maqbool Ahmad. Screening of Undiagnosed Hyperglycemia and Elevated Blood Pressure in Periodontitis Patients. Esculapio - JSIMS [Internet]. 2025 Mar. 31 [cited 2025 May 13];21(1):185-91. Available from: https://esculapio.pk/journal/index.php/journal-files/article/view/1230