Evaluation of Histopathological Changes in Aminoglycoside Induced Nephrotoxicity and Protective Role of Citrullus lanatus Seeds (Ethanolic Extract) in Animal Model

Abstract

Objective: To assess histopathological changes induced by aminoglycoside in nephrotoxicity and explore the protective role of Citrullus lanatus seeds in an animal model.
Material and Methods: The research, conducted from July 01, 2017, to December 31, 2018, at the Department
of Pharmacology, King Edward Medical University Lahore, and UVAS, Lahore, received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The Animal Experimental Study involved 40 healthy albino Wistar rats, divided into five equal groups. Group A served as the normal control, receiving oral normal saline once daily.  Group B, the disease control, received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of Gentamicin at 80mg/kg/day in two equally divided doses, with a 12-hour interval, for 14 days. Groups C and D received oral doses of Citrullus lanatus seed extract (CLSE) at 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg/day, respectively, concurrently with Gentamicin at 80mg/kg/day IP in two equally divided doses for 14 days. Histopathological changes such as tubular dilatation (outer and inner), tubular inflammation and tubular necrosis were compared in Aminoglycoside and Citrullus lanatus seeds extract treated groups.
Results: Groups C and D exhibited a significant decrease in tubular inflammation, tubular necrosis, and tubular dilatation, with a p-value < 0.001 compared to Group B.
Conclusion: The administration of CLSE in aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats significantly mitigated nephrotoxic effects by reducing inflammation, tubular necrosis, and tubular dilatation.